The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.